Review



usvs  (Kikusui Electronics)

 
  • Logo
  • About
  • News
  • Press Release
  • Team
  • Advisors
  • Partners
  • Contact
  • Bioz Stars
  • Bioz vStars
    • 86
      Buy from Supplier

    Structured Review

    Kikusui Electronics usvs
    Usvs, supplied by Kikusui Electronics, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/usvs/usvs/pm40855817-161-0-36
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    usvs - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    86/100 stars

    Images

    Related Articles

    other:

    Article Title: Novel patient-specific BBSOAS mouse models reveal genotype-phenotype correlations in brain structure and behavior.
    Article Snippet: USVs are considered innate behaviors in rodents, and a reduced number of calls is a well-established hallmark in mouse models with autism-like phenotypes, making this parameter a robust and intuitive readout for modeling BBSOAS-related social impairments (Kikusui et al. 2011; Ey et al. 2013).

    Article Title: Gaining insights into the internal states of the rodent brain through vocal communications.
    Article Snippet: Various studies have shown that mouse USVs are specified by innate and genetic mechanisms, not by vocal learning, as utelized by songbirds and humans, as deaf mice produce normal USVs (Hammerschmidt et al., 2012a, 2015; Mahrt et al., 2013) and mice raised by parents of a different strain produce USV repertoires that are differnt from their adopted parents (Kikusui et al., 2011).

    Article Title: Comparison of ultrasonic isolation calls of pure-breeding and interspecies hybrid Phodopus dwarf hamster pups.
    Article Snippet: In mammalian cross-species hybrids, parameters of voice calls, produced by vocal fold vibrations, are intermediate between parental species.. Inheritance of ultrasonic calls, produced by whistle mechanism, is unstudied for hybrids.. We examined 4000 pup ultrasonic isolation-induced calls for peak power of call fundamental frequency and for call duration in 4–8-day-old captive hamsters of four Study Groups: pure Phodopus sungorus; pure P. campbelli of two populations (Mongolian and Kosh-Agach) and hybrids between male P. sungorus and female P. campbelli (Kosh-Agach).

    Article Title: Rodent ultrasonic vocal interaction resolved with millimeter precision using hybrid beamforming
    Article Snippet: In many of these species, USVs have been shown to be present innately and to have significance at multiple stages of life, from neonates (Kikusui et al., 2011) to adults (Mahrt et al., 2013), often with diverse functions as distress/alarm calls (Kikusui et al., 2011; Litvin et al., 2007), courtship signals (Marconi et al., 2020), territorial defense signals (Rieger and Marler, 2018), private communication (Ramsier et al., 2012), and echolocation (Schnitzler et al., 2003).



    Similar Products

    usvs  (Oxford Instruments)
    99
    Oxford Instruments usvs
    Usvs, supplied by Oxford Instruments, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/usvs/Imaris/bio_rxiv__2025__07__30__667752-64-5-9
    Average 99 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    usvs - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    99/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    ultrasonic vocalizations  (Okabe Co Ltd)
    86
    Okabe Co Ltd ultrasonic vocalizations
    Ultrasonic Vocalizations, supplied by Okabe Co Ltd, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/usvs/ultrasonic+vocalizations/pm42140369-282-0-23
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    ultrasonic vocalizations - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    86/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    50 khz ultrasonic vocalizations usvs  (Dawley Inc)
    86
    Dawley Inc 50 khz ultrasonic vocalizations usvs
    Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
    50 Khz Ultrasonic Vocalizations Usvs, supplied by Dawley Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/usvs/50+khz+ultrasonic+usvs+vocalizations/pmc12951745-3-2-25
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    50 khz ultrasonic vocalizations usvs - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    86/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    usvs  (Kikusui Electronics)
    86
    Kikusui Electronics usvs
    Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
    Usvs, supplied by Kikusui Electronics, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/usvs/usvs/pm40855817-161-0-36
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    usvs - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    86/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    ith usv  (Coriolis Pharma)
    86
    Coriolis Pharma ith usv
    Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
    Ith Usv, supplied by Coriolis Pharma, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/usvs/ith+usv%E2%80%99s/10__1177_slash_10775463251365986-92-174-138
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    ith usv - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    86/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    custombuilt usv system  (Purdue University Cytometry)
    86
    Purdue University Cytometry custombuilt usv system
    Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
    Custombuilt Usv System, supplied by Purdue University Cytometry, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/usvs/custombuilt+system+usv/pm40785543-120-8-4
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    custombuilt usv system - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    86/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    usv microphone knowles electronics, il spu0410lr5h  (Knowles Electronics)
    90
    Knowles Electronics usv microphone knowles electronics, il spu0410lr5h
    Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
    Usv Microphone Knowles Electronics, Il Spu0410lr5h, supplied by Knowles Electronics, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/usvs/spu0410lr5h+qb+microphone/pmc10589673__pnas__2302780120__sapp-329-21-19
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    usv microphone knowles electronics, il spu0410lr5h - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    usv echoboat  (Seafloor Systems Inc)
    90
    Seafloor Systems Inc usv echoboat
    Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
    Usv Echoboat, supplied by Seafloor Systems Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/usvs/usv+echoboat/pm40624145-148-1-3
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    usv echoboat - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    usv  (Coriolis Pharma)
    90
    Coriolis Pharma usv
    Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
    Usv, supplied by Coriolis Pharma, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/usvs/usv/pm40461677-51-131-123
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    usv - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    ultrasonic vocalizing usv detector  (Med Associates Inc)
    93
    Med Associates Inc ultrasonic vocalizing usv detector
    Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
    Ultrasonic Vocalizing Usv Detector, supplied by Med Associates Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/usvs/Ultrasonic+Vocalization+Detector/pmc12161772-324-11-17
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    ultrasonic vocalizing usv detector - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    Males emit more “positive” 50 kHz USVs during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds

    Journal: Psychopharmacology

    Article Title: Marked sex differences are observed in heroin acquisition and affective states in rats but converge to similar levels of footshock stress-induced reinstatement

    doi: 10.1007/s00213-025-06920-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Males emit more “positive” 50 kHz USVs during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds

    Article Snippet: 22- and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), reflecting negative and positive affective state, respectively, were recorded during a heroin self-administration and footshock stress-induced reinstatement model in Sprague-Dawley rats.

    Techniques: Comparison, Derivative Assay

    Stress-induced reinstatement behaviors are accompanied by a characteristic pattern of anticipatory 50 kHz USVs, followed by 22 kHz USV emission by males during reinstatement sessions. (a) 50 kHz USV emission patterns in baseline and reinstatement sessions. (b) 22 kHz USV emission patterns in baseline and reinstatement sessions. REIN anticipatory USVs were measured in an interim period between footshock and the start of behavioral sessions. n(♂) = 13, n(♀) = 15. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons (Panel a) or Dunn’s (Panel b; Male REIN Behavioral Session compared to male and female 22 kHz USVs at all other time points, see text for details of comparisons). ** indicates main effects in two-way ANOVA (p < 0.01). REIN = reinstatement

    Journal: Psychopharmacology

    Article Title: Marked sex differences are observed in heroin acquisition and affective states in rats but converge to similar levels of footshock stress-induced reinstatement

    doi: 10.1007/s00213-025-06920-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Stress-induced reinstatement behaviors are accompanied by a characteristic pattern of anticipatory 50 kHz USVs, followed by 22 kHz USV emission by males during reinstatement sessions. (a) 50 kHz USV emission patterns in baseline and reinstatement sessions. (b) 22 kHz USV emission patterns in baseline and reinstatement sessions. REIN anticipatory USVs were measured in an interim period between footshock and the start of behavioral sessions. n(♂) = 13, n(♀) = 15. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons (Panel a) or Dunn’s (Panel b; Male REIN Behavioral Session compared to male and female 22 kHz USVs at all other time points, see text for details of comparisons). ** indicates main effects in two-way ANOVA (p < 0.01). REIN = reinstatement

    Article Snippet: 22- and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), reflecting negative and positive affective state, respectively, were recorded during a heroin self-administration and footshock stress-induced reinstatement model in Sprague-Dawley rats.

    Techniques: